Concepts of Python in Data Science
Numbers: Using the numbers we can do some arithmetic operations on that.
Variables in Python:
Python Variables:
A variable is a storage location or a memory location where you data will be stored.
Syntax:
variable_name=”Value”
Ex:
word=”Hello World”
Integer_variable = 10
String_variable = ”Hello World”
Float_variable = 120.00
List_variable = [‘a’,’b’,’c’]
Python Operators:
Operators are nothing but symbols. It performs some operations or some data processing.
We have so many types of operators like Arithmetic Operators, Comparison Operators, Assignment Operators, Bitwise Operators and Logical Operators.
Arithmetic Operator: It is used to perform Arithmetic Operations like addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division.
Comparison Operator: It is used to compare the values of both sides.
Assignment Operator: It is used to assign values to variables.
Bitwise Operator: It is used to compare the values in binary format. These operators work on integers. When performing these operations on integers it will convert into binary format and then they will use some comparison.
If Statement in Python:
It has the ability to verify the conditions based on the behaviour of the program.
Syntax:
If (expression):
Do something
Ex:
a=”Hello World”
If “Hello” in a:
print(“Hurray it exists”)
b=[“hello”,”World”]
If “hello” in b:
print(“It will correct”)
If - else Statement in Python:
We can make decision making using the if - else statement.
Syntax:
If (test-expression):
Body of the if
Else:
Body of else
Ex:
num=3
If num > 0:
print(“Num is positive”)
Else:
print(“Num is Zero”)
Break and Continue in Python:
Break and continue are loop control statements.
Ex:
for var in “string”:
If var==’i’:
break
print(var)
else:
print(var)
print(“Hello”)
Ex:
for var in “string”:
If var==’i’:
continue
print(var)
else:
print(var)
print(“Hello”)
Loops in Python: For and While
Looping is nothing but the mechanism of iterating through sequence data types (which are nothing but String, list, tuple,dict) is called looping.
What is the need of looping?
Looping is required to repeat and execution block of code a certain number of times.
Syntax:
for i in sequence_types:
print(i)
Ex:
a=”Hello World” a=range(10)
for i in a: print(a)
print(i)
Syntax of While:
while expression:
statement(s)
pass (“pass is a statement which do nothing”)
Ex:
count=0
while (count<5):
print(count)
count=count+1
Strings in Python:
String is nothing but a set of characters or a collection of characters. It is denoted by a single quote or double quote.
a=”Python”
a=’Python’
Some methods in Strings.
a=”Hello 123 World”
print(a.capitalize()) # First Character always in Capital.
print(a.count()) # We will take some value in which value counts.
print(a.find(‘e’)) # It will give an index position.
print(a.isalnum()) # We have alpha and normal values. We get True
print(a.isalpha()) # Give the alpha values. We get True.
print(a.digit()) # Give the digit in string. We get False.
print(a.len()) # Give the length of Characters.
print(a.upper()) # All are Upper case.
print(a.lower()) # All are lower case.
Lists in Python:
List is an in-built data type in python which is used to store a list of items.
List is created using square brackets [ ] and inside each item separated with comma (,) in their item have their own index values.
List is mutable. That means we change items in the list once created.
We can delete the items in the list using the ‘del’ method with their indexes.
Lists have some built-in methods or functions.
a=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
del a[1]
print(a) # Then ‘2’ is deleted in the given list.
print(max(a)) # It returns the maximum value in the list.
print(min(a)) # It returns the minimum value in the list.
print(a.count(‘2’) # It returns the item how many times it repeated.
print(a.index(4) # it returns the index value of the existing item.
a.append(“Hello”)
print(a) # It means adding some item inside the list.
a.insert(2, “World”)
print(a) # It inserts the values based on the index position.
a.reverse()
print(a) # It simply reverses the items in the list.
a.sort()
print(a) # It arranges the order by using the sort method. Use a.reverse
Tuples in Python:
Tuple is an in-built data type in python which stores the items like a list.
Tuple is created using parentheses ( ) and inside each item separated with comma , .
Tuple is immutable that means we cannot change the tuple once created.
Tuple have some built-in methods or functions.
a = ( 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,”Hello”,123,”Raj”)
print(len(a)) # It gives the length of the tuple.
print(max(a)) # It gives the maximum value.
print(min(a)) # It gives the minimum value.
How to convert the list into tuples?
a=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
b=list(a)
print(b)
How to convert the tuple into a list?
b=tuple(a)
print(b)
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